Yan Xishan's Former Residence. Yan Xishan (1883-1960), courtesy name Bochuan, lived through the Tongmenghui's anti-Qing movement, the Xinhai Revolution, the Hongxian Monarchy, the founding of the Republic of China, and the Central Plains War. Yan Xishan (1883-1960), courtesy name Bochuan, lived through the Tongmenghui's anti-Qing movement, the Xinhai Revolution, the Hongxian Monarchy, the founding of the Republic of China, the Central Plains War, the KMT-CCP cooperation, the Second Sino-Japanese War, and the Chinese Civil War, until the Kuomintang relocated to Taiwan. He experienced almost all major historical events in modern China, making him a very important figure in modern Chinese history. He served as Premier and Minister of National Defense before the Nationalist government moved to Taiwan. After his retirement, he led his subordinates to live in seclusion on Yangmingshan. During his last ten years in seclusion on Yangmingshan, he dedicated himself to research and writing, completing "The Great Unity of the World" and "China in Three Hundred Years." He was a Confucian practitioner who achieved the "three immortalities" of virtue, meritorious service, and influential words. In his later years, due to nostalgia for his hometown and the need for military defense, he chose a wind-sheltered hillside overlooking the Tamsui River estuary and the Taipei Basin to build the stone house "Zhongneng Cave" and the "Red Brick House." "Zhongneng Cave" adopted the architectural style of Shanxi cave dwellings, further integrating Chinese, Japanese, and Western architectural features. Its construction period and scale are vastly different from ordinary historical sites. It is the main building of Yan's former residence, personally named by Yan, reflecting his "cosmology" of observing cosmic changes through "Zhongneng." This bunker-style residence became the final resting place for this important figure in modern history. The "Red Brick House" served as an air-raid shelter, with walls three feet thick and reinforced steel plates at the doors and windows, and
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