Houtong Potholes. The potholes in the Keelung River are a world-class geological landscape, typically found in the upper reaches of rivers. The formation of potholes is caused by strong vortices carrying sand and gravel... The potholes in the Keelung River are a world-class geological landscape, typically found in the upper reaches of rivers. The formation of potholes is caused by strong vortices carrying sand and gravel drilling into the riverbed. As the water swirls, over time, circular holes are formed, known as potholes. Between Houtong Station and Sandiao Station on the Pingxi Branch Line of the Ruifang District, the Keelung River cuts into a hard Nuanuan sandstone layer. The rock surface has many smooth, circular depressions, known geologically as potholes, forming the Keelung River pothole landscape.
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